WordPress/woocommerce性能优化

一、Nginx配置

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 60;

1.1 GZIP压缩

gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/javascript application/x-httpd-php;

1.2 静态缓存

location ~.*.(js|css|html|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|gz|svg|mp4|ogg|ogv|webm|htc|xml|woff|zip|webp)$
{
    access_log off;
    expires  30d;
    try_files $uri =404;
}

二、PHP配置

2.1 opcache配置

[opcache]
; 启用opcache
opcache.enable = 1

; opcache使用的内存量
opcache.memory_consumption = 256M

; 存储字符串的缓冲区大小，单位是MB
opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 32

; 可存储的脚本文件数量上限
opcache.max_accelerated_files = 1979

; 设置重新验证脚本缓存的频率，以秒为单位。如果设置为0，则每次请求都会重新验证缓存
opcache.revalidate_freq = 60

; 启用或禁用时间戳验证。如果启用此功能，OPcache会在每次请求时检查脚本的时间戳以确定是否需要重新加载脚本
opcache.validate_timestamps = 0

; 启用会将缓存持久化到文件
opcache.file_cache = 0

; 是否将注释保存到缓存中，如果依赖注释中的注解需要启用，wordpress中没有使用
opcache.save_comments = 0

; php8以上版本启用jit
opcache.jit = 1235
opcache.enable_cli = 1

三、WordPress调整

可以通过直接修改WordPress配置文件(wp-config.php)或者安装插件进行的优化项目。

3.1 关闭默认的CRON执行器

define( 'DISABLE_WP_CRON', true );

可以通过系统的crontab来执行定时任务:

# 修改crontab配置
crontab -e

# 添加下面行
* * * * * php -f /path/to/wp-cron.php

3.2 静态文件压缩

define( 'COMPRESS_CSS', true ); // 压缩CSS
define( 'COMPRESS_SCRIPTS', true ); // 压缩JS
define( 'ENFORCE_GZIP', true ); // 强制启用GZIP，如果WEB服务器启用了GZIP可以不开启
define( 'CONCATENATE_SCRIPTS', true ); // 连接脚本

3.3 插件优化

插件也会对WordPress的性能有很大影响，有一些优秀的插件会极大优化WordPress性能表现，可以参考下面文章。

WordPress常用插件

四、MySQL/MariaDB数据库配置优化

4.1 数据库配置优化

适用于小型实例，中大型示例参考参数备注进行调整。数据库my.cnf配置文件中添加以下配置：

# 表定义缓存数量，最低400
table_definition_cache = 400
# 打开表缓存
table_open_cache = 500
# 关闭performance_schema，大型实例不建议采用，大概能节省数据库默认占用一半的内存
performance_schema = off

# innodb的缓存
# 数值越大，内存中占用越大，同时数据库性能也会提高。纯数据库服务器可以使用内存的 70%-80% 。
# 单机部署时最好多测试一下
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M

# 尽可能增加innodb_buffer_pool_size
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

# 决定了事务日志何时被写入并刷新到磁盘上
# 0：每秒将日志写入并刷新到磁盘
# 1：每次事务提交时，都将日志写入并刷新到磁盘
# 2：每次事务提交时，都将日志写入日志缓冲区，但仅在每秒刷新到磁盘
# 选择0/2，宕机时有可能丢失1秒内事务数据
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0

4.2 持久化数据库连接

查看WordPress性能团队的聊天记录突然发现WordPress默认情况下是没有启用持久连接的（数据库连接池），会导致每一次的请求都需要初始化数据库连接。解决办法比较简单，在 wp-content 目录下放一个 db.php 文件，写入以下内容，然后在配置文件中添加一个值为 true 的 DB_PERSIST 常量即可。

这个小问题应该会在不久的未来经过测试后合并到WordPress核心中，此方法只适用于未合并前的这段时间，合并后就不需要了，目前6.5.2版本暂时还没有提供。

关于PHP中的持久化连接，有兴趣可以参考官网中以下两篇文章：

• PDO连接与连接管理
• mysqli 扩展和持久化连接

<?php

if ( !class_exists('wpdb') ) {
    require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-wpdb.php';
}

class custom_wpdb extends wpdb {

	/**
	 * Connects to and selects database.
	 *
	 * If `$allow_bail` is false, the lack of database connection will need to be handled manually.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 3.9.0 $allow_bail parameter added.
	 *
	 * @param bool $allow_bail Optional. Allows the function to bail. Default true.
	 * @return bool True with a successful connection, false on failure.
	 */
	public function db_connect( $allow_bail = true ) {
		$this->is_mysql = true;

		$client_flags = defined( 'MYSQL_CLIENT_FLAGS' ) ? MYSQL_CLIENT_FLAGS : 0;

		/*
		 * Set the MySQLi error reporting off because WordPress handles its own.
		 * This is due to the default value change from `MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF`
		 * to `MYSQLI_REPORT_ERROR|MYSQLI_REPORT_STRICT` in PHP 8.1.
		 */
		mysqli_report( MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF );

		$this->dbh = mysqli_init();

		$host    = $this->dbhost;
		$port    = null;
		$socket  = null;
		$is_ipv6 = false;

		$host_data = $this->parse_db_host( $this->dbhost );
		if ( $host_data ) {
			list( $host, $port, $socket, $is_ipv6 ) = $host_data;
		}

		/*
		 * If using the `mysqlnd` library, the IPv6 address needs to be enclosed
		 * in square brackets, whereas it doesn't while using the `libmysqlclient` library.
		 * @see https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=67563
		 */
		if ( $is_ipv6 && extension_loaded( 'mysqlnd' ) ) {
			$host = "[$host]";
		}

		if ( DB_PERSIST ) {
			$host = 'p:' . $host;
		}

		if ( WP_DEBUG ) {
			mysqli_real_connect( $this->dbh, $host, $this->dbuser, $this->dbpassword, null, $port, $socket, $client_flags );
		} else {
			// phpcs:ignore WordPress.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged
			@mysqli_real_connect( $this->dbh, $host, $this->dbuser, $this->dbpassword, null, $port, $socket, $client_flags );
		}

		if ( $this->dbh->connect_errno ) {
			$this->dbh = null;
		}

		if ( ! $this->dbh && $allow_bail ) {
			wp_load_translations_early();

			// Load custom DB error template, if present.
			if ( file_exists( WP_CONTENT_DIR . '/db-error.php' ) ) {
				require_once WP_CONTENT_DIR . '/db-error.php';
				die();
			}

			$message = '<h1>' . __( 'Error establishing a database connection' ) . "</h1>n";

			$message .= '<p>' . sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: wp-config.php, 2: Database host. */
				__( 'This either means that the username and password information in your %1$s file is incorrect or that contact with the database server at %2$s could not be established. This could mean your host&#8217;s database server is down.' ),
				'<code>wp-config.php</code>',
				'<code>' . htmlspecialchars( $this->dbhost, ENT_QUOTES ) . '</code>'
			) . "</p>n";

			$message .= "<ul>n";
			$message .= '<li>' . __( 'Are you sure you have the correct username and password?' ) . "</li>n";
			$message .= '<li>' . __( 'Are you sure you have typed the correct hostname?' ) . "</li>n";
			$message .= '<li>' . __( 'Are you sure the database server is running?' ) . "</li>n";
			$message .= "</ul>n";

			$message .= '<p>' . sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Support forums URL. */
				__( 'If you are unsure what these terms mean you should probably contact your host. If you still need help you can always visit the <a href="%s">WordPress support forums</a>.' ),
				__( 'https://wordpress.org/support/forums/' )
			) . "</p>n";

			$this->bail( $message, 'db_connect_fail' );

			return false;
		} elseif ( $this->dbh ) {
			if ( ! $this->has_connected ) {
				$this->init_charset();
			}

			$this->has_connected = true;

			$this->set_charset( $this->dbh );

			$this->ready = true;
			$this->set_sql_mode();
			$this->select( $this->dbname, $this->dbh );

			return true;
		}

		return false;
	}
}

global $wpdb;

$dbuser     = defined( 'DB_USER' ) ? DB_USER : '';
$dbpassword = defined( 'DB_PASSWORD' ) ? DB_PASSWORD : '';
$dbname     = defined( 'DB_NAME' ) ? DB_NAME : '';
$dbhost     = defined( 'DB_HOST' ) ? DB_HOST : '';

$wpdb = new custom_wpdb( $dbuser, $dbpassword, $dbname, $dbhost );

配置文件中：

define( 'DB_PERSIST', true );